7: The Anti-Politics Machine: “Development” and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho

Disconnected attempts at development are prevalent throughout the landlocked African nation of Lesotho. Attempts to improve the commercial productivity of Lesotho’s natural resources have been unsuccessful. Authors James Ferguson and Larry Lohmann highlight specific examples of development projects that fail their intended goal, but instead lead to unintended side effects. In some cases, Lesotho benefits from these miscalculations. These projects can lead to more effective governments and increased infrastructure, the building blocks of sustainable development. Through decades of failed foreign intervention, Lesotho and its NGO (non-governmental organization) allies, are beginning to understand the that the question of, “What should we do?” is more complex that it appears. Each part of this question must be broken down and identified. Additionally, any attempt by stakeholders to expect a practical answer signifies that they fail to understand the complexity of the question. There is no specific project that can realistically and sustainably solve something as intricate as eliminating poverty in Lesotho. This goal cannot be met by even a single question. Instead, this question must be tailored to each specific situation. Efforts to address point opportunities of development will eventually lead to progress in the broader metrics. As an example, “What should we do?” becomes “Which resources could can and should the national government increase access to through foreign trade agreements?” Perhaps the most difficult answer for stakeholders to accept to these questions could be “Nothing”. Often those asking these types of questions have a narrow-minded approach to their answer. Many choose not to accept this answer because it would mean admitting that they asked the wrong question and do not yet fully understand the problem.